Maleic anhydride resinous copolymer



Patented Aug. 16, 1949 MALEIC ANBYDRIDE RESINOUS COPOLYMER Franklin sir-am, Barberton, Ohio, assignor to Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Allegheny County, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application March 25, 194

Serial No. 528,161

4 Claims. (01. ecu-78.5)

The present invention relates to synthetic resins and more particularly to resinous compositions derived by the copolymerization of polyesters, which contain a plurality of polymerizable groups, with maleic anhydride.

One object oi the invention is to provide new resinous materials which possess improved phys ical characteristics making them particularl suitable for commercial application.

Otherobjects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments thereof.

The field of synthetic resins is today being explored by countless groups of investigators in the search for products-which can be substituted for more critical materials. Research has made available many compounds forming not onlysatisfactory substitutes for old materials but in some instances providing better products than were heretofore available.

Among the synthetic resins evidencing pronounced value for industrial usage are the polyesters, that is, those compounds having two or more ester linkages, which contain in addition a plurality of polymerizable groups. It has been established that certain polyesters of this classification may be polymerized to form hard, insoluble, infusible resinous materials. Of particular interest are the polyesters which have two or more terminal groups derived from allyl alcohol.

The polyesters employed in the various embodiments of my invention are relatively complex and accordingly, in some instances, resist attempts at designation by the usual systems of nomen clature. Where this difliculty is encountered, the compounds are identified by reference to their acidic and alcoholic components, although it is not necessary that they be prepared by direct esterification methods.

The most simple polyesters coming within the scope of my invention are those derived from allyl alcohol'and a polycarboxylic acid. Diallyl oxalate, diallyl malonate, diallyl succinate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl digiycolate and triallyl citrate are representative examples of this group of polyesters.

A second series of polyesters results from the reaction of allyl alcohol with a di-acidic intermediate, which consists of a dihydroxy compound 2 esterified with a dibasic acid. For example, glycol bis (acid phthalate) reacts with allyl alcohol to form glycol bis (allyl phthalate). The glycol bis (allyl-carbonic acid esters), identified by the structural formula:

wherein- R is a glycol radical, also fall within this second series. The diacidic intermediates,

are not known to exist per se, and the compounds cannot be prepared by direct esteriflcation.

Ordinarily, the chloroformate of either allyl aico-" hol or the selected glycol is formed, by reaction therewith of phosgene, and the chloroformate'is reacted with the other hydroxy compound to form the polyester. 1

A third group of polyesters can also be considered as the reaction product of allyl alcohol and a dicarboxylic acid. Graphically, these may be represented by the formula:

wherein R is an aliphatic radical and R is the nucleus of a dibasic acid or a partial ester of a dihydroxy compound and a dibasic acid having two free acid groups.

Again, in this instance, the dicarboxylic acid nuclei are not known but are synthesized by able importance as the source of a copolymerizing material within the purview of my invention. Although these esters might also be considered as formed by the reaction of allyl alcohol and a esters 2,479,622 4 dicarboxylic acid, the nature oi the nucleus oi. -.For example, a copolymer consisting of 95% oi the ester is so complex that, for purposes of clarity, diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) and 5% it requires definition through its components. of maleic anhydride is harder and stronger than The symmetrical polyesters of this group are com- ,-polymerlzed diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbon- ,posed of two N-substituted allyl carbamates, 5 ate). Similarly the 'copolymerization of of united through the N-substituent groups by a maleic anhydride with the polyester yields an dibaslc acid. One ester of this class which has even harder and stronger resin. Further inbeen investigated has been given the formula: creases in the percentage of maleic anhydride in i i i QHFQH-OHr-O- -N-c,n.-o- -ociH|N OCHr-CH=CHI and is named bis (Z-carballyloxyaminoethyl) the copolymer composition result in even stronger carbonate. products. It has been observed that maleic an- Dibasic acids, other than carbonic acid, may hydride is in general compatible with all of the be substituted in the ester nucleus, it it is desired, monomeric polyesters hereinbeiore described and and other alkyl groups may replace the ethyl accordingly no difliculty is experienced in pregroups forming the N-substituent oi the carbamic paring the mixtures which-are subjected to polyacid. merization. In addition,. the maleic anhydride It is also possible to prepare unsymmetrical has a thinning action when added to certain of polyesters in this fourth group wherein an N- the polyesters, which are normally viscousintheir substituted allyl carbamate is united to allyl alcopure state. This action facilitates mixing of the hol by a dibasic acid. A typical unsymmetrical materials and insures uniformity of the final ester is z-carballyloxyaminoethyl allyl carbonate polymeric compositions...

having the probable structural formula: The new copolymers ,are particularly useful o 0 when prepared by cast polymerization for they E (UJ n 11 provide clear, transparent sheets suitable for wide CHi=CHcHro- -0-C,H.NH- -O-CC=CHS application. They may also be employed as the bonding and impregnatingagent for laminated paper or textiles, used in the production of structural elements and various other molded objects. acid may be used to connect the N-substituted The following examples a illustrative M my allyl carbamate and allyl alcohol and other aikylr ene groups may replace the ethylene group formmventmn' E mpl I ing the N-substituent of the allyl carbamate. To a mixtureconsisting of 30% by weight, of T polyesters Polyester they diallyl phthalate and 20% by weight of maleic ml htbeter ar ne l y syntheslzed bvthe anhydride wa added 3% by weight of benzoyl reaction of allyl chloroformate with an anunoperoxide as a polymerization catalyst. Qther a fl- SW31} for example, as ethaholammein organic peroxides or perc'arbonates well known to the preparatwn o -e a osya ellyl the art will serve equally as well as'benzoyl ercarbonate- The heave ehlm'me o the ahyl 40 oxide. The combined ingredients were introchloroformate combines not only with the hyduced t a, latemoldand subjected to t 31 group 9 the amihoalkahei form perature of 50 C. for 6- hours, which was followed bonate ester linkage but l o wit o e H atom of by heating at '10? 'o. for so hours. At the end of the amino E 'Q P b0 yleld (an amide? hhkage- In this period polymerization was substantially comthe Preparatmn of the symmeh' Polyester plete and there was produced 'a clear, transparent midesthe ahyl hydroxyalkyl eel'hamate is first resin sheet. A test section, cut from the resin Prepared lf BR1111030137515 0f dlahyl eermhate sheet, was subjected to standard tests as devel- Wieh h ammoelkahol and thereafter is reacted oped and approved by the American Society for with phosgehe- Testing Materials. The following table shows The e classes polyesters heremhemre the results of these tests and compares the physi- Berihed are h m that each contains cal properties of the copolymer with those of the Pounds having polyester polymerized alone under like conditions.

Here again dibaslc acids other than carbonic o CHs=CH-CH:( Ester copolymer terminal groups. The active, unsaturated portlons, the polymerizable CHa=CH-CH:- groups, htfltiilifiififik:ii'iiiiii 13.200 are separated by at least two and in general not mpression l i a e, I i 2 more than eight ester linkages, that is a linkage stength mmtched through an oxygen atom which is attached to a carbonyl group. All of the polyesters will poly- Eftample II merize under P p ,conditibns form hard, A cast sheet was made in a manner similar to insoluble. infusible resins-Which are Substantially that described in Example I, using 80 parts by tr p and colorless- It has been fo weight of ethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonic acid hOW V r. t a the P y Properties 0! these ester) and 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride P Y materials can P b p lf' conjointly polymerized. The improvements inthe merlzatlon of the monomeric ester with maleic physical properties of th polyester resulting from fi ly the copolymerization therewith of maleic anhy The amount of maleic anhydride wh 18 dride are illustrated in the foliwing table:

mixed with the monomeric ester can be varied within relatively wide limits. Other conditions being equal, as the percentage of maleic anhydride is increased toward an upper limit of 45 Ester copolymer Hardness (Knoo 23. 0 30. 6 percent, the hardness,-flexural strength, impact l lexurels treni g, ps. 1.... 1 g, om ress on u lma e, s. strength and ultimate compressive strength in the a strength mm L o a 1 resulting copolymer are progressively increased.

Example III Ester Copolymer Hardness (Knoo 34.5 Flexural Strengt p. s. i 25, 900 30, 700 Compression Ultimate, p. s. i. 25, 600 31, 500 Impact Strength Unnotched Izod 3. 68 4. 4

The foregoing experiments demonstrate con- C l ers with maleic anhydride content as in i tfed based on the total weight of the com- EM ponents Hardness K1100 10 20.8 23.1 23.1 25.3 24.4 24.9 Flexuralsszren E, p. s. i 9,500 10,200 11,000 1 400 18,000 l 000 20,300 Compression u timate, p. s 100 2%, 600 24,900 26, 300 20, 700 27, 800 28, 800 Impact Strength unnotched Izod 2. 1 2. 4 2. 9 2. 0 4. 0 3. 5 5. 9

- elusive] the beneficial results obtained by the Example IV 20 y Ester Copolymer Hardness (Knoop) 26. 5 30. 6 Flexural Strength, p. s. i 200 19, 100 Compression ultimate, p. s. i.-. 000 24, 800 Impact Strength Unnotched Izod 1. 2 2. 8

Example V A copolymer of 80% of ethylene glycol bis (alpha-carballyloxyethyl carbonic acid ester) and 20% by weight of maleic anhydride was prepared, as in the preceding examples, and its physical properties compared with the ester polymerized alone. The results are tabulated as follows:

Ester Colopymer Hardness (Knoop) 22. 8 29.3 Flexural Strength, p. s. l l 500 22,300 Compression Ultimate, p. s. i 26, 900 28, 500 Impact Strength Unnotched Izod 2.36 4. 7

Example VI A copolymer of 80% of 2-carballyloxyaminoethyl allyl carbonate and 20% by weight of maleic anhydride was prepared, as in the preceding examples, and its physical properties compared with the ester polymerized alone. The results are tabulated as follows:

Ester Copolymer Hardness (Knoop) 27. 4 32. 6 Flexural Strength. p. s. i 18, 500 Compression Ultimate, p. s. if)... 25, 700 29, 400 Impact Strength Unnotched Izod 1. 78 2. 4

Example VII A copolymer of his (2-carballyloxyaminoethyl) carbonate and 20% by weight of maleic anhydride was prepared, as in the preceding examples, and its physical properties compared with the ester polymerized alone. The results are tabulated as Iollows:

copolymerization of maleic anhydride with a polyester having at-least two terminal groups derived from allyl alcohol. As hereinbefore mentioned, the maleic anhydride may form a small or a considerable proportion of the copolymer composition. It has been observed, however, that optimum benefits are obtained over the entire range of physical properties when approximately 20% by weight of maleic anhydride is employed. It

will, of course, be understood that other percentage compositions are contemplated.

. Obviously, other modifications and variations in the processes and compositions described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A resinous composition of matter consisting of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and a neutral polymerizable polycarboxylic ester selected from the group consisting of diallyl oxalate, diallyl malonate, diallyl succinate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl diglycolate, triallyl citrate, glycol bis (allyl phthalate), bis (alpha-carballyloxyethyl) carbonate, ethylene glycol bis (alpha-carballyloxyethyl carbonic acid ester), ethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonic acid ester), diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonic acid ester), bis (2-carballyloxy aminoethyl) carbonate, and Z-carballyloxyaminoethyl allyl carbonate, said maleic anhydride component being present in an amount ranging from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the mixture of maleic anhydride and neutral polymeriza-ble ester.

2. A resinous composition of matter consisting of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and diallyl phthalate, said maleic anhydride component being present in an amount ranging from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the mixture of maleic anhydride and diallyl phthalate.

3. A resinous composition of matter consisting of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonic acid ester), said maleic anhydride componentbeing present in an amount ranging from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the mixture of maleic anhydride and diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonic acid ester).

4. A resinous composition of matter consisting (References on follow!!! M) REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the flle or this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Patterson Apr. 21, 1942 Chenlcek June 25, 1942 Number 

